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Shirsat, Sangita P.
- Review on Radiation Therapy on Cancer
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1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha 425408., IN
1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha 425408., IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 14, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 4-12Abstract
At high doses, radiation therapy kills cancer cells or slows their growth by damaging their DNA. Cancer cells whose DNA is damaged beyond repair stop dividing or die. When the damaged cells die, they are broken down and removed by the body.Radiation therapy does not kill cancer cells right away. It takes days or weeks of treatment before DNA is damaged enough for cancer cells to die. Then, cancer cells keep dying for weeks or months after radiation therapy ends. Radiation therapy is used to treat cancer and ease cancer symptoms. When used to treat cancer, radiation therapy can cure cancer, prevent it from returning, or stop or slow its growth.When treatments are used to ease symptoms, they are known as palliative treatments. External beam radiation may shrink tumors to treat pain and other problems caused by the tumor, such as trouble breathing or loss of bowel and bladder control. Pain from cancer that has spread to the bone can be treated with systemic radiation therapy drugs called radiopharmaceuticals.Keywords
Cancer therapy, Drug use.References
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- Review on Gene Therapy on Cancer
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1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha 425408., IN
1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha 425408., IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 14, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 37-42Abstract
Gene-based therapies for cancer in clinical trials include strategies that involve augmentation of immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic approaches. These strategies include ex vivo and in vivo cytokine gene transfer, drug sensitization with genes for prodrug delivery, and the use of drug-resistance genes for bone marrow protection from high-dose chemotherapy. Inactivation of oncogene expression and gene replacement for tumor suppressor genes are among the strategies for targeting the underlying genetic lesions in the cancer cell. A review of clinical trial results to date, primarily in patients with very advanced cancers refractory to conventional treatments, indicates that these treatments can mediate tumor regression with acceptably low toxicity. Vector development remains a critical area for future research. Important areas for future research include modifying viral vectors to reduce toxicity and immunogenicity, increasing the transduction efficiency of nonviral vectors, enhancing vector targeting and specificity, regulating gene expression, and identifying synergies between genebased agents and other cancer therapeutics.Keywords
Gene Therapy on Cancer.References
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- Review on Immuno-Oncology Agents for Cancer Therapy
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1 Ahinsa institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha 425408., IN
1 Ahinsa institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha 425408., IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 14, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 47-52Abstract
Until recently, cancer therapy comprised of four main types of treatment: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Over the past decade, immuno-oncology (IO) has emerged as a novel and important approach to cancer treatment through the stimulation of the body’s own immune system to kill cancer cells. This newly recognised method of treating cancer is rapidly developing, with many accelerated approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency in 2019. Several therapeutic classes have emerged within IO, and are the focus of this review article. In particular, the immune checkpoint inhibitors have had remarkable success across multiple malignancies, and are the most well-established therapeutic class of IO agents to date. Biomarker testing for the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint target has been developed and is now obligatory before treatment with pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck) when used for nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma, gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and cervical cancer, as well as before treatment with atezolizumab (Tecentriq, Roche) when used for urothelial carcinoma. However, ambiguity remains as to the relevance of PD-L1 expression for checkpoint inhibition therapy for other tumour types. More recently, combining IO agents with conventional therapies has been evaluated with some significant improvements in patient outcomes. While IO agents are rapidly changing the standard of care for people with cancer, there are still many challenges to overcome in terms of managing their toxicities and ensuring that healthcare systems, such as the NHS, can afford the high cost of these therapies. The IO pipeline also includes chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies and cancer vaccines, both of which show great promise for the future but have their own unique toxicity and cost-effectiveness issues.Keywords
Biomarkers, Cancer, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, Immune-oncology, Oncology.References
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- Combining IO agents with conventional therapies has provided significant improvements in patient outcomes in some cases. • The two main challenges for IO agents are managing their toxicities and affording the high cost of these novel therapies. S24
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- Review on Curcuma aromatic as an Herbal medicine
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1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, Shindkheda, Dhule (MH)-425408, IN
1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, Shindkheda, Dhule (MH)-425408, IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 14, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 89-92Abstract
Curcuma aromatica is also a familiar Chinese herb used for treating diseases with blood stasis and has been consider as an effective anticancer herb. The rhizomes of Curcuma aromatic are used in original medicine for exterior applications on skin diseases, sprain, bruise, in snake poison, holdup the ageing process, pain relief, protecting against liver diseases and also to enhance complexion. The constituents identified in the oil is alphapinene, beta-pinene, camphene, 1,8-cineol, isofurano-germacrene, borneol, isoborneol, beta-curcumene, arcurcumene, xanthorrhizol, germacrone, camphor, and curzerenone and the constituent in oil was found to differ from place to place. Bioactive compounds, counting 1, 8-cineole, ar-curcumene, ar-turmerone, β-elemene, camphor, curcumol, curdione, germacrone, linalool, xanthorrhizol, and zingiberene, from the essential oil of C. aromatica have been verified to possess anticancer properties. Usually used as an anti- inflammatory agent. It possesses a wide range of activities like Anti –inflammatory, anti-tumor, immunological effects, wound healing, anti -fungal, anti -oxidant, anti - microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-platelet and mosquito repellent activity of wild turmeric. The use of analgesic drugs, such as opiates and NSAIDs, for pain relief has been stagnated as these drugs are reported to have adverse side effects, including addiction and gastrointestinal disorders.Keywords
Curcuma aromatica, Anti-diabetic, Analgesic drug, Wild turmeric.References
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- Review on Study of Bottle Gourd on Human Health
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1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, 425408., IN
1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, 425408., IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 14, No 3 (2022), Pagination: 174-178Abstract
Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] is an important multi-purpose cucurbit crop grown for its leaf, fruit, and seed. It is widely cultivated and used for human consumption in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) providing vital human nutrition and serving as food security crop. There is wide genetic variation among bottle gourd genetic resources in Africa for diverse qualitative and quantitative attributes for effective variety design, product development, and marketing. However, the crop is under- researched and -utilized, and improved varieties are yet to be developed and commercialized in the region. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide the progress on bottle gourd genetic improvement and genetic analysis targeting agronomic and horticultural attributes, nutritional composition, biotic, and abiotic stress tolerance to guide current and future cultivar development, germplasm access, and conservation in SSA. The first section of the paper presents progress on breeding of bottle gourd for horticultural traits, agronomic performance, nutritional and antinutritional composition, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. This is followed by important highlights on key genetic resources of cultivated and wild bottle gourd for demand driven breeding. Lastly, the review summaries advance in bottle gourd genomics, genetic engineering and genome editing. Information presented in this paper should aid bottle gourd breeders and agronomists to develop and deploy new generation and promising varieties with farmer- and market -preferred attributes.Keywords
Bottle Gourd, Human Health.References
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- Review on Medicinal use of Nyctanthes arbortristis
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1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, 425408., IN
1 Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, 425408., IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 14, No 3 (2022), Pagination: 179-182Abstract
Nyctanthes arbortristis is one of the most useful traditional medicinal plants in India. It is distributed widely in sub-Himalayan regions and Southwards to Godavari. Each part of the plant has some important medicinal value and is thus commercially exploitable1 . It is now considered as a valuable source of several unique products for the medicines against various diseases and also for the development of some industrial products. The present review is to focus on the potential phyto-chemicals and pharmacological activity of plant N. Arbortristis1 . Various parts of the plant like seeds, leaves, flowers, bark and fruits have been investigated for their significant pharmacological activity. Phyto-chemicals like flavanoid, glycoside, oleanic acid, essential oils, tannic acid, carotene, friedeline, lupeol, glucose, benzoic acid have been reported for significant hair tonic, hepatoprotective, anti-leishmaniasis, anti-viral, antifungal, anti-pyretic, anti-histaminic, anti-malerial, anti-bacterial, antiinflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of Night jasmine and emphasizes the need for further exploring available informationKeywords
Medicinal use, Nyctanthes arbortristisReferences
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- Agrawal J and Pal A. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn--a critical ethnopharmacological review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Apr 19; 146(3): 645-58
- Uses of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L
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- Tripathi A, Kumar S and Srivastava SK. Medicinal Properties of Harsingar (Nyctanthes Arbor-tristis Linn.): A Review. Int J Creat Res Thoughts. 2021. Volume 9, Issue 1.
- Thokala M. A Literary Review of Nyctanthes Arbortristislinn (Parijatha) Linn in Ayurvedic Classics. World J Pharm Res. Volume 7, Issue 04, 410-419.
- Sopi RB and Khan MFH. Bronchodilatory effect of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Nyctanthes arbortristis. Pharmacognosy Res. 2013 Jul-Sep; 5(3): 169–172.
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